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背景说明：HIV-1 TAT (48-60) 是源自人免疫缺陷病毒 (HIV)-1蛋白残基48-60，可渗透细胞的多肽。它已被用于以不中断的方式将外源性大分子递送到细胞中。 HIV-1 TAT (48-60) is a cell-penetrating peptide derived from the human immunodeficient virus (HIV)-1 Tat protein residue 48-60. It has been used to deliver exogenous macromolecules into cells in a non-disruptive way.
In Vitro：Studies show that exogenous Tat protein is able to translocate through the plasma membrane and to reach the nucleus to transactivate the viral genome. The HIV-1 TAT (48-60) peptide, which contains the basic domain of the full length peptide only, retains the full translocation activity and even appears more efficient in terms of nuclear localization when compared with the other active peptides at the standard dose of 1 mM.
Cell-penetrating peptides are regarded as promising vectors for intracellular delivery of large, hydrophilic molecules. An apparently endocytotic uptake of HIV-1 TAT (48-60) is observed by confocal laser scanning microscopy.
HIV-1 TAT (48-60) induces the formation of rodlike, presumably inverted micelles in DMPC, which may represent intermediates during the translocation across eukaryotic membranes.
参考文献：[1] Dennison, S.R. et al. Biochem. and Biophy. Res. Comm. 363, 178 (2007);
[2] Futaki, S. Advanced Drug Delivery Rev. 57, 547 (2005).
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