| 生物活性： |
靶点：NMDAR
通路：Membrane Transporter&Ion Channel;Neuronal Signaling
背景说明：D-Aspartic Acid是一种内源性 NMDA 受体激动剂。
生物活性：D-Aspartic acid (D-Asp, Aminosuccinic acid, asparagic acid, asparaginic acid) is an endogenous amino acid occurring in several tissues and cells of both invertebrates and vertebrates. It can regulate testosterone synthesis and may act on a stimulatory receptor (NMDA).[1-2]
In Vitro：D-aspartate(D-Asp)is an endogenous amino acid present in vertebrate tissues，with particularly high levels in the testis. In vitro studies have demonstrated that D-Asp up-regulates testosterone production in Leydig cells by enhancing expression of the steroidogenic acute regulatory protein. Besides testosterone release，D-Asp induced E2 synthesis through aromatase activation[1].
In Vivo：In vivo studies indicate that D-Asp indirectly stimulates spermatogenesis through the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. The oral and/or intraperitoneal D-Asp administration to adult rats induced an increase of serum progesterone and LH as well as an increase of testis/serum testosterone levels，whereas 17β-estradiol(E2)levels did no change[1]. D-aspartic acid has significant analgesic activity[2].
细胞实验：Cultures were carried on in the presence of D-Asp(200 μM; diluted in distilled H2O)in different time exposure of the amino acid(30 min，2 h，4 h). Control cultures were treated with vehicle alone. At the end of the incubation period，cells were rinsed in PBS，harvested by trypsinization，collected by centrifugation at 1，000g for 10 min and immediately frozen at 80°C for biochemical analyses.[1]
动物实验：Animal Models: Inbred albino BALB/C mice;Dosages: 55，115，and 230 mg/kg;Administration: i.p.[2]
数据来源文献：[1] Santillo A， et al. J Cell Physiol. 2016， 231(2):490-5.
[2] Onat F， et al. Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 1995， 51(4):71
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